Monarda didyma Seeds | Bergamot
LATIN NAME: Monarda didyma
COMMON NAME: Bergamot, Bee Balm, Oswego Tea
Plant Profile
Bergamot (Monarda didyma), also called bee balm or Oswego tea, is a herbaceous perennial of the mint family (Lamiaceae), native to the moist woodlands and stream banks of eastern North America. It forms clumps 60-120 cm tall, topped in summer by shaggy, scarlet, tubular flower heads that draw bees, butterflies and hummingbirds. The aromatic leaves have a long record of use as a tea herb, most famously among the Oswego people.
Science & Biotechnology
Monarda didyma sits in the Monarda group, a group that keeps botanists, horticulturists and plant breeders busy with questions of classification, adaptation and ornamental potential. Species is also notably susceptible to powdery mildew, a fungal disease that has driven considerable ornamental breeding research aimed at developing more mildew-resistant garden cultivars. Continuing work by breeders and collectors keeps good seed of this species moving through the trade.
Uses & Benefits
Beyond its ornamental appeal, Bergamot has the practical versatility that makes a plant worth growing from seed year after year. Choosing a mildew-resistant cultivar is worth considering in humid climates, since species is genuinely prone to powdery mildew that can affect both appearance and plant vigour later in the season. Once settled, it thrives on neglect more than on fussing.
Bee balm is a top-tier pollinator plant and a fine tea herb: its thymol-rich leaves made the Oswego tea of early America, a minty, antiseptic infusion still enjoyed today.
Growing from Seed
Bergamot is one of those generous plants that come along well from seed. Sow fine seed onto surface of a loose, well-drained mix without covering it, since light supports germination, and keep medium consistently moist. Full sun and good air circulation suit this perennial well, latter being particularly important given its susceptibility to powdery mildew in humid or crowded conditions. Sow the seeds evenly over the surface and cover lightly in a loose, well-drained seed compost, keep the sowing evenly moist, and give the pot or tray full sun. Transplant the sturdiest seedlings to their permanent spots and let them develop without disturbance.
Our Take
Bergamot, Bee Balm, Oswego Tea is the kind of plant that rewards a permanent spot. The essentials are simple: full sun, drainage and patience while it establishes.
Related Reading
If Bergamot appeals to you, these related plants are worth a look: